Practica con TO BE

 

 

Afirmativo

I am, you are, he is, she is, we are, you are, they are. 

Negativo

No, I am not, No, you are not, No he is not, No we are not, No you are not, No they are not. 

Interrogativo

Am I, Are you. Is she? Is he. Is it. Are we? Are you? Are they?

 

 Where are(is she) you now?

Where are you (they) going to be tomorrow?

Where were you  yesterday?

 

I don’t know.

Please ask her, (him, them,us)

Please ask me.(the same question, another question)

 

I am here today.

I was_(in)__________ yesterday.

I will be (in) ______________tomorrow

I am going to be (in)____________ tomorrow.

 

 

I am an engineer.

What is your profession?

I am an English teacher.

 

Is he an engineer too?

I don’t know.

Please ask her, (him)

 

Please ask me (the same question)

 

Are you an Engineer?

No, I am not. I am an English teacher.

 

 

Exercise No.1 THE AFFIRMATIVE

 

The lesson ( the alphabet, the answer, the class, the symbol, the spelling...) is good 

Bad

Necesseary

Interesting

Correct

Important

 

Exercise No.II  THE NEGATIVE 

Try the same with the interrogative.  Is the lesson (the alphabet, the answer,...etc) good? Exercise No.3 To contrast statements and questions

 

The teacher makes a statement with the word INTERESTING, and then the student asks a

 

question with GOOD.

 

The lesson is interesting---------------------------------Is the lesson good?

 

The alphabet is interesting-------------------------------Is the alphabet good?

 

The class is interesting-----------------------------------Is the class good?

 

The spelling is interesting--------------------------------

 

The answer is interesting--------------------------------

 

The symbol is interesting--------------------------------

 

The book is interesting----------------------------------

 

The conversation is interesting--------------------------

 

The course is interesting--------------------------------

 

The exercise is interesting-------------------------------

 

Exercise 3-A

 

The lesson is interesting -----------------------------It is interesting

 

Teacher = Good (Student)----------------------------The lesson is good, it is good

 

                Important--------------------------------- The lesson is important, it is important.

 

                Necessary--------------------------------

 

                 Bad--------------------------------------

 

Correct-----------------------------------

 

The telephone --------------------------------------The telephone is busy, it is busy

 

John-------------------------------------------------

 

The secretary----------------------------------------

 

The students-----------------------------------------

 

Mary__________________________________

 

 

 

THIS (THAT, THESE, THOSE) IS - WHAT IS THIS? 

This is a pencil. Those are chairs.

 

Book (s)

 

Letter (s)

 

Chair (s)

 

Table (s)

 

What is this?  Teacher points to an object.

 

STUDENT That is a pencil (it is a pencil)

 

TEACHER = Draws several objects on the blackboard, then asks: What are those? Cigarettes, pens, newspapers, hauses, animals, birds

 

STUDENT = Those  are matches, they are matches.

 

 

 

Curso de Inglés Técnico para Profesionales

 

 

Los diferentes tipos de verbos que

Aparecen en el

Discurso Científico

 

 

 

To be  presente, am, are, is,..etc._________________________

 

          pasado, was, were_____________________

 

          futuro,will be _______________________

 

To be más un participio pasado  Ej. Is revised (verbo regular)_________________

                                                      

                                                       Is  taken   ( verbo Irregular)_______________

 

         O su pasado        was revised  Regular_______________

 

                                    were taken   Irregular______________

 

         O su futuro will be revised  Regular______________

 

                            Will be taken   Irregular______________

 

Pretérito perfecto Have been  Regular________________

 

Pasado perfecto( [1] ) Had been    Irregular_______________

 

 

Auxiliar mas TO BE ( [2] )

 

Can be__________________  (presente)

 

Could ( [3] )have been____________________(pasado condicional) = Hubiera podido

                                                                                                              Ser

May be__________________                 (presente)  Puede ser

 

May have been _____________________ (pasado) Puede ser que ha sido

 

Should be_______________                  (Presente )  Debería ser

 

Should have been_________________  (pasado) Debería haber sido

 

Would be____________________          ( presente condicional) Seria

 

Would have been__________________ ( Subjuntivo ) Hubiera sido

 

Could be____________________          ( condicional ) Podría ser

 

Could have been____________ Hubiera podido ser

 

Might be____________________ Podría ser

 

Might have been_____________ Hubiera podido ser

 

Must be____________________ Debe ser

 

Must have been_____________ Debe haber sido

 

Ought to be_________________ Debe ser

 

Ought to have been______________ Debía haber sido

 

Have  to + TO BE

 

Presente ( have to be )__________________

 

Pasado (Had to be )__________________

 

Futuro ( Will have to be )________________

 

Existen algunos auxiliares que pueden ir con HAVE TO, pero no todos. En estos casos generalmente la formación es: Auxiliar + HAVE TO + verbo en infinitivo. Citaremos algunos:

 

Might have to be taken into account ( Podría  ser que tenga que ser tomado en

                                                                                                       en cuenta.

                                                       

 

May have to be taken into account ( Puede ser que tenga que ser tomado en

                                                                                                    Cuenta.

                            

 

TO BE + –ING+ participio pasado ( [4] )( forma progresiva pasiva ) I am being

                                                observed, it is being checked )

 

                            Presente ( It is being + pp)_____________________

 

                            Pasado( It was being + pp)______________________

 

 

To BE + infinitivo (this is to say)   ______________________

 

AUXILIAR + TO BE + PARTICIPIO PASADO ( [5] ) (Pasivo)

 

                        Presente ( can be considered )Puede ser considerado

                 

                        Pasado  ( could be considered )Podía ser considerado

                    O forma potencial (podría ser considerado

 

                        Futuro (will be considered ) Será considerado

 

                      

 

HAVE ( [6] ) Como verbo principal ( I have, it has, they

                                                                         have...etc._________________

 

TO HAVE Infinitivo( [7] )________________

 

HAVE (HAS) mas pp.( [8] ) Has eaten, spoken_______________ (irregular)

Presente perfecto

                               Tipo =       Have looked_________________  (regular)

 

HAVE mas pp. tipo =  Had taken _Había tomado (irregular)

Pasado perfecto

                                  Had shouted Había gritado ( regular )

 

WILL HAVE ( [9] )  Tendrá: futuro, como en: “ This experiment will have some

                                                                            negative Characteristics.”

                  ______________

 

 

 

VERBOS COMUNES

 

 

REGULARES__________________

 

IRREGULARES__________________

 

[1]  Existe el caso del futuro perfecto: shall have been, pero su frecuencia de aparición, inclusive en el habla normal es prácticamente nula.

[2] La forma del pasado se construye de manera distinta. Ej. Could have been, y no hay un futuro con los auxiliares sino solo añadiendo WILL a  BE sin el auxiliar. Ej. It will be considered, será considerado.

[3]   COULD es una forma del auxiliar CAN. Muchas veces es identificado como el pasado de CAN, pero en verdad tambien es usado como una forma menos definitiva y mas condicional de CAN que se refiere al presente o al futuro. Significa posibilidad o habilidad como CAN,  o sea, podia,  puedo o podria . Debido a esta diversidad de significados, tenemos que tener mucho cuidado para reconocerlo correctamente.

[4]  Aparece con muy poca frecuencia

[5]  Aquí entran todos los demás auxiliares de igual forma que lo enumeramos en Auxiliar + To be. Para no extender la lista solo mencionaremos con el auxiliar CAN.

[6]  Tenemos que señalar que el verbo to be puede ser un verbo principal como también un verbo auxiliar y que especialmente es usado para formar la forma antepresente, o presente perfecto. Ej. Have,(has) taken. Somebody has broken into the hause....etc.

 

[7]  Tenemos que señalar que el infinitivo solo existe en el presente, no tiene pasado o futuro.

[8]  Participio pasado. Tenemos que mencionar que el pp. es diferente para los verbos regulares que para los irregulares. Verbo regular pp = worked, shipped,...etc. verbo irregular eaten, stolen, sung, found...etc. Para los regulares es siempre añadiendo –ed, para los irregulares no hay  nada fijo como ilustramos en el ejemplo anterior.

[9]  Aquí HAVE esta empleado como verbo principal.

 

ORACIONES SIMPLES EN LAS ORACIONES COMPLEJAS
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES
PRACTICAS CON TO BE
EL VERBO HAVE Y SUS DIFERENTES USOS
LOS DIFERENTES USOS DEL  THAT y THAN
AS Vs. LIKE
GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS GRAMATICALES